Zero Δv Solution to the Angles-Only Range Observability Problem during Orbital Proximity Operations

During orbital proximity operations, research has shown that angles-only navigation during coasting flight suffers from a lack of range observability. To circumvent this deficiency, previous research has required a prior information on the target geometry or the implementation of special translational maneuvers. This paper shows that the range observability problem during coasting flight can be solved by properly including the offset of the camera from the vehicle center-of-mass in the problem formulation, and by applying appropriate vehicle rotations. Range observability without translational maneuvers (zero Δv) or a priori knowledge of the target geometry is clearly demonstrated using a pseudo 6 degree-of-freedom simulation. Results for v-bar station-keeping, flyby orbits, and circumnavigation (football) orbits are presented.