@inbook{7cf6af9d51e14d6b85044a85e835cae0,
title = "Women as Educators towards the End of the Nahda Period: Labiba Hashim and Children{\textquoteright}s Upbringing",
abstract = "The rapid economic changes, the process of modernisation and cultural encounters in the nineteenth century between the Ottoman Empire and the West influenced both Ottoman and Arab societies. Both underwent a process of redefining themselves as modern. Fuelled by the rise of patriotism and proto-nationalism among the Arab and Ottoman upper and middle classes, the nature of family was revisited. From the Tanzimat period onward, Ottoman intellectuals saw women as the gatekeepers of the household and the mothers of the future generation. Ottoman children became the heralds of the future of the Ottoman Empire. This attitude toward women and children...",
author = "Fruma Zachs",
year = "2021",
language = "אנגלית",
isbn = "9781474455381",
series = "Edinburgh Studies on the Ottoman Empire",
publisher = "Edinburgh University Press",
pages = "363--386",
editor = "Yilmaz, { G{\"u}lay } and { Zachs}, Fruma",
booktitle = "Children and Childhood in the Ottoman Empire",
address = "בריטניה",
}