Underwater acoustic modem with high precision ranging capability based on second-level cesium atomic clock

Equipped with a high-precision atomic clock can significantly improve the ranging accuracy of the underwater acoustic ranging system. However, the adverse characteristic of underwater acoustic channel (UAC) seriously deteriorates the ranging accuracy. In addition, as a timing device typically commercial cesium atomic clock is only designed to output second-level time reference, which cannot be applied to underwater ranging systems directly. To overcome this limitation, a new underwater acoustic modem with high precision ranging capability based on second-level cesium atomic clock is developed in this paper. The spread spectrum technology is chosen for highly reliable communication and the second-level commercial cesium atomic clock is used to ensure accurate clock synchronization. The proposed modem executes a predetermined ranging scheme based on spread spectrum technology. Specifically, at a certain specified second-level, the transmitter modem sends the ranging signal, and the receiver modem starts timing. Until the receiving modem detects the ranging signal, the propagation time is obtained and the single-item ranging capability is realized. The pool experiment shows the effectiveness of the modem, its ranging accuracy can reach cm level, and the average absolute error of ranging is 8 cm.