The pyramid builders' waterways: Reconstructing the ancient topography of Khufu's Pharaonic Harbour at Giza, Egypt

This article describes the location and sedimentary environments of the Khufu harbour in Giza, Egypt, with the aim of reconstructing its palaeoenvironmental evolution during the Old Kingdom (2686–2160 BCE). We use chronostratigraphy and sedimentology to elucidate the site's Holocene sedimentary units and compare and contrast the results with previous studies. Our research provides new insights into the palaeogeography of the Giza floodplain during the 4th Dynasty (2613–2494 BCE), including its impacts on the settlement patterns and cultural practices of the ancient Egyptians and their interactions with the natural environment. The findings provide valuable information for understanding the history and archaeology of the Giza area and contribute to ongoing efforts to preserve and interpret the cultural heritage of ancient Egypt.