TY - JOUR
T1 - The Middle Paleolithic ground stones tools of Nesher Ramla unit V (Southern Levant)
T2 - A multi-scale use-wear approach for assessing the assemblage functional variability
AU - Paixão, Eduardo
AU - Marreiros, João
AU - Dubreuil, Laure
AU - Gneisinger, Walter
AU - Carver, Geoff
AU - Prévost, Marion
AU - Zaidner, Yossi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA
PY - 2022/6/30
Y1 - 2022/6/30
N2 - In the archaeological record, Ground Stone Tools (hereafter GST) represent an important tool group that provides invaluable data for exploring technological development and changes in resource exploitation over time. Despite its importance, Lower and Middle Paleolithic (MP) GST technology remains poorly known and understudied. The MP record of the Levant constitutes a compelling case study for exploring the nature and character of GST technology. Especially the site of Nesher Ramla (Israel, end of Marine Isotope Stage 6/beginning of 5) has provided one of the world's largest GST assemblages from MP contexts. Aiming at evaluating the variability of tool types at the site from a technological and functional perspective, this study follows an analytical approach which integrates different scales of analysis. Our workflow seeks to generate and combine qualitative and quantitative data allowing: 1) the identification of damage areas, and 2) functional analysis, based on the location, distribution, and characterization of use-wear traces. This study shows a substantial level of diversification in resource exploitation (e.g., mineral, hard animal material and likely perishable components). Results show the presence of several tool types on which diagnostic use-wear can be associated with different activities. Importantly, our analysis indicates the presence of various hammerstone types showing distinct wear characteristics. The variability observed within the hammerstones likely reflects different functions, including in some cases the processing of distinct worked materials. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the significance of GST technology for the ecological dynamics of MP populations.
AB - In the archaeological record, Ground Stone Tools (hereafter GST) represent an important tool group that provides invaluable data for exploring technological development and changes in resource exploitation over time. Despite its importance, Lower and Middle Paleolithic (MP) GST technology remains poorly known and understudied. The MP record of the Levant constitutes a compelling case study for exploring the nature and character of GST technology. Especially the site of Nesher Ramla (Israel, end of Marine Isotope Stage 6/beginning of 5) has provided one of the world's largest GST assemblages from MP contexts. Aiming at evaluating the variability of tool types at the site from a technological and functional perspective, this study follows an analytical approach which integrates different scales of analysis. Our workflow seeks to generate and combine qualitative and quantitative data allowing: 1) the identification of damage areas, and 2) functional analysis, based on the location, distribution, and characterization of use-wear traces. This study shows a substantial level of diversification in resource exploitation (e.g., mineral, hard animal material and likely perishable components). Results show the presence of several tool types on which diagnostic use-wear can be associated with different activities. Importantly, our analysis indicates the presence of various hammerstone types showing distinct wear characteristics. The variability observed within the hammerstones likely reflects different functions, including in some cases the processing of distinct worked materials. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the significance of GST technology for the ecological dynamics of MP populations.
KW - Experiments
KW - Ground stone tools
KW - Levant
KW - Middle Paleolithic
KW - Quantification
KW - Use wear
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109108534&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.06.009
DO - 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.06.009
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109108534
SN - 1040-6182
VL - 624
SP - 94
EP - 106
JO - Quaternary International
JF - Quaternary International
ER -