The impact of the COVID-19 vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccination uptake: a quantitative study

Introduction: Seasonal influenza vaccination remains a cornerstone of public health; however, vaccine hesitancy continues to challenge immunization efforts worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic affected public trust in healthcare systems and may have influenced attitudes toward routine vaccinations, including influenza vaccination in Israel. Theory: This study was guided by concepts related to vaccine hesitancy, health beliefs, trust in healthcare systems, and sociocultural influences on preventive health behaviors. The framework emphasized perceived vaccine safety and efficacy, trust in health authorities, and motivations for personal and collective protection. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 adults in Israel using convenience sampling. Participants represented diverse demographic backgrounds. Structured questionnaires examined barriers and motivators related to influenza vaccination and associations between COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 vaccination history, and willingness to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. Results: Vaccine hesitancy was associated with low interest in influenza vaccination, limited confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy, and reduced trust in health authorities following the pandemic. Motivators included protecting family and society, concern for personal health, and receiving explanations from the Ministry of Health. Participants vaccinated against COVID-19 demonstrated significantly greater willingness to receive the influenza vaccine compared with participants who had experienced COVID-19 infection but remained unvaccinated (Tukey HSD: p = 0.0011, p = 0.0089). Discussion: Post-pandemic attitudes toward influenza vaccination appear to be shaped by trust, health beliefs, and sociocultural factors. The findings support targeted educational interventions and transparent communication strategies. Nurses may play a central role in improving vaccine acceptance and uptake.