The IAP-antagonist ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo

N. Edison; D. Zuri; I. Maniv; B. Bornstein; T. Lev; Y. Gottfried; S. Kemeny; M. Garcia-Fernandez; J. Kagan; S. Larisch

doi:10.1038/cdd.2011.112

The IAP-antagonist ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo

N. Edison, D. Zuri, I. Maniv, B. Bornstein, T. Lev, Y. Gottfried, S. Kemeny, M. Garcia-Fernandez, J. Kagan, S. Larisch

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

ARTS (Sept4-i2) is a pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor protein that functions as an antagonist of X-linked IAP (XIAP) to promote apoptosis. It is generally thought that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) occurs before activation of caspases and is required for it. Here, we show that ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of MOMP. In living cells, ARTS is localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. In response to apoptotic signals, ARTS translocates rapidly to the cytosol in a caspase-independent manner, where it binds XIAP and promotes caspase activation. This translocation precedes the release of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo, and ARTS function is required for the normal timing of MOMP. We also show that ARTS-induced caspase activation leads to cleavage of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid, known to promote MOMP. We propose that translocation of ARTS initiates a first wave of caspase activation that can promote MOMP. This leads to the subsequent release of additional mitochondrial factors, including cytochrome C and SMACDiablo, which then amplifies the caspase cascade and causes apoptosis.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	356-368
Number of pages	13
Journal	Cell Death and Differentiation
Volume	19
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2011.112
State	Published - Feb 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. We thank John Silke, Colin Duckett, Sandy Simon, Chunying Du, Douglas Green and Changdeng Hu for generously providing us with materials. We are very grateful to Michael Loewenstein, Sagie Schif-Zuck, Alana Bahjan Persaud and Travis Gorenc for technical assistance and to Hermann Steller for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by funds from BSF (US Israel Binational Science Foundation) grant #2003085 (to SL), ISF (Israel Science Foundation) grant #1264/06 (to SL), a grant from Israel Cancer Association (ICA) (to SL), and by a generous donation from the Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust, England.

Keywords

ARTS
XIAP
apoptosis
caspases
mitochondria

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

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10.1038/cdd.2011.112

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title = "The IAP-antagonist ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo",

abstract = "ARTS (Sept4-i2) is a pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor protein that functions as an antagonist of X-linked IAP (XIAP) to promote apoptosis. It is generally thought that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) occurs before activation of caspases and is required for it. Here, we show that ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of MOMP. In living cells, ARTS is localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. In response to apoptotic signals, ARTS translocates rapidly to the cytosol in a caspase-independent manner, where it binds XIAP and promotes caspase activation. This translocation precedes the release of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo, and ARTS function is required for the normal timing of MOMP. We also show that ARTS-induced caspase activation leads to cleavage of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid, known to promote MOMP. We propose that translocation of ARTS initiates a first wave of caspase activation that can promote MOMP. This leads to the subsequent release of additional mitochondrial factors, including cytochrome C and SMACDiablo, which then amplifies the caspase cascade and causes apoptosis.",

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note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements. We thank John Silke, Colin Duckett, Sandy Simon, Chunying Du, Douglas Green and Changdeng Hu for generously providing us with materials. We are very grateful to Michael Loewenstein, Sagie Schif-Zuck, Alana Bahjan Persaud and Travis Gorenc for technical assistance and to Hermann Steller for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by funds from BSF (US Israel Binational Science Foundation) grant #2003085 (to SL), ISF (Israel Science Foundation) grant #1264/06 (to SL), a grant from Israel Cancer Association (ICA) (to SL), and by a generous donation from the Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust, England.",

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AU - Edison, N.

AU - Zuri, D.

AU - Maniv, I.

AU - Bornstein, B.

AU - Lev, T.

AU - Gottfried, Y.

AU - Kemeny, S.

AU - Garcia-Fernandez, M.

AU - Kagan, J.

AU - Larisch, S.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements. We thank John Silke, Colin Duckett, Sandy Simon, Chunying Du, Douglas Green and Changdeng Hu for generously providing us with materials. We are very grateful to Michael Loewenstein, Sagie Schif-Zuck, Alana Bahjan Persaud and Travis Gorenc for technical assistance and to Hermann Steller for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by funds from BSF (US Israel Binational Science Foundation) grant #2003085 (to SL), ISF (Israel Science Foundation) grant #1264/06 (to SL), a grant from Israel Cancer Association (ICA) (to SL), and by a generous donation from the Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust, England.

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N2 - ARTS (Sept4-i2) is a pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor protein that functions as an antagonist of X-linked IAP (XIAP) to promote apoptosis. It is generally thought that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) occurs before activation of caspases and is required for it. Here, we show that ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of MOMP. In living cells, ARTS is localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. In response to apoptotic signals, ARTS translocates rapidly to the cytosol in a caspase-independent manner, where it binds XIAP and promotes caspase activation. This translocation precedes the release of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo, and ARTS function is required for the normal timing of MOMP. We also show that ARTS-induced caspase activation leads to cleavage of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid, known to promote MOMP. We propose that translocation of ARTS initiates a first wave of caspase activation that can promote MOMP. This leads to the subsequent release of additional mitochondrial factors, including cytochrome C and SMACDiablo, which then amplifies the caspase cascade and causes apoptosis.

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The IAP-antagonist ARTS initiates caspase activation upstream of cytochrome C and SMACDiablo

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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