The Arabic and Hebrew versions of the caregiving ambivalence scale (CAS): examining its reliability, validity, and correlates among Israeli caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Objectives: Providing care for family members with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might awaken ambivalent feelings in caregivers. This topic, however, has received little research attention. Having reliable and valid scales is a first step in expanding our knowledge in this area, particularly among different cultural groups, as ambivalent emotions have been found to be dependent on culture. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to test the reliability and validity of the Caregiving Ambivalence Scale (CAS) among Israeli Jewish and Arab caregivers of individuals with AD and (2) to examine the contribution of caregivers’ ethnocultural affiliation (Jewish/Arab) to the experience of ambivalent feelings. Methods: Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 370 family caregivers (adult children and spouses) of elderly people with AD. Approximately half of the participants (55.3%) were Israeli Jews (79.5% female; 61.3% adult children; mean age = 65.52), and the rest (44.7%) were Israeli Arabs (87.4% female; 72% adult children; mean age = 54.28). Results: Our findings indicated that the CAS has good-to-excellent internal reliability and validity both in Hebrew and Arabic. Additionally, as expected, ethnocultural affiliation (Jewish/Arab) made a unique–although modest–contribution to the explanation of ambivalence as reflected in the CAS score, with Arab caregivers reporting significantly higher levels of ambivalent feelings than did Jewish caregivers. Conclusions: The CAS is a reliable and valid structured measure to assess ambivalent feelings among Arab and Jewish caregivers of individuals with AD in Israel. Cultural context is a unique factor in understanding their mixed emotions.