Stratigraphic record reveals contrasting roles of overflows and underflows over glacial cycles in a hypersaline lake (Dead Sea)

Yin Lu; Ed L. Pope; Jasper Moernaut; Revital Bookman; Nicolas Waldmann; Amotz Agnon; Shmuel Marco; Michael Strasser

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117723

Stratigraphic record reveals contrasting roles of overflows and underflows over glacial cycles in a hypersaline lake (Dead Sea)

Yin Lu, Ed L. Pope, Jasper Moernaut, Revital Bookman, Nicolas Waldmann, Amotz Agnon, Shmuel Marco, Michael Strasser

Department of Marine Geosciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In lakes and oceans, links between modern sediment density flow processes and deposits preserved in long-term geological records are poorly understood. Consequently, it is unclear whether, and if so how, long-term climate changes affect the magnitude/frequency of sediment density flows. One approach to answering this question is to analyze a comprehensive geological record that comprises deposits that can be reliably linked to modern sediment flow processes. To address this question, we investigated the unique ICDP Core 5017-1 from the Dead Sea (the largest and deepest hypersaline lake on the Earth) depocenter covering MIS 7-1. Based on an understanding of modern sediment density flow processes in the lake, we link homogeneous muds in the core to overflows (surface flood plumes, ρ_flow<ρ_water), and link graded turbidites and debrites to underflows (ρ_flow>ρ_water). Our dataset reveals (1) overflows are more prominent during interglacials, while underflows are more prominent during glacials; (2) orbital-scale climate changes affected the flow magnitude/frequency via changing salinity and density profile of lake brine, lake-level, and source materials.

Original language	English
Article number	117723
Journal	Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Volume	594
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117723
State	Published - 15 Sep 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund : M 2817 to Yin Lu. Contribution of Ed L. Pope and Jasper Moernaut are funded by the Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship ( ECF-2018-267 ) and Austrian Science Fund ( P30285-N34 ), respectively. Revital Bookman and Shmuel Marco are supported by the Israel Science Foundation (# 1093/10 to R. Bookman; # 1645/19 and Center of Excellence grant # 1436/14 to S. Marco). Amotz Agnon is supported by the Helmholtz Virtual Institute DESERVE . The authors are grateful to the ICDP, thank Elitsa Hadzhiivanova for the grain size measurement and C. Daxer for help calibrating the XRF data. The authors appreciate David Van Rooij and the editor Jean-Phillipe Avouac for thorough and constructive reviews.

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund: M 2817 to Yin Lu. Contribution of Ed L. Pope and Jasper Moernaut are funded by the Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2018-267) and Austrian Science Fund (P30285-N34), respectively. Revital Bookman and Shmuel Marco are supported by the Israel Science Foundation (#1093/10 to R. Bookman; #1645/19 and Center of Excellence grant #1436/14 to S. Marco). Amotz Agnon is supported by the Helmholtz Virtual Institute DESERVE. The authors are grateful to the ICDP, thank Elitsa Hadzhiivanova for the grain size measurement and C. Daxer for help calibrating the XRF data. The authors appreciate David Van Rooij and the editor Jean-Phillipe Avouac for thorough and constructive reviews.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)

Keywords

flash-floods
flood plume
geological record
sediment density flows
sediment transport processes
turbidites

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geophysics
Geochemistry and Petrology
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117723

Cite this

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title = "Stratigraphic record reveals contrasting roles of overflows and underflows over glacial cycles in a hypersaline lake (Dead Sea)",

abstract = "In lakes and oceans, links between modern sediment density flow processes and deposits preserved in long-term geological records are poorly understood. Consequently, it is unclear whether, and if so how, long-term climate changes affect the magnitude/frequency of sediment density flows. One approach to answering this question is to analyze a comprehensive geological record that comprises deposits that can be reliably linked to modern sediment flow processes. To address this question, we investigated the unique ICDP Core 5017-1 from the Dead Sea (the largest and deepest hypersaline lake on the Earth) depocenter covering MIS 7-1. Based on an understanding of modern sediment density flow processes in the lake, we link homogeneous muds in the core to overflows (surface flood plumes, ρflow<ρwater), and link graded turbidites and debrites to underflows (ρflow>ρwater). Our dataset reveals (1) overflows are more prominent during interglacials, while underflows are more prominent during glacials; (2) orbital-scale climate changes affected the flow magnitude/frequency via changing salinity and density profile of lake brine, lake-level, and source materials.",

keywords = "flash-floods, flood plume, geological record, sediment density flows, sediment transport processes, turbidites",

author = "Yin Lu and Pope, {Ed L.} and Jasper Moernaut and Revital Bookman and Nicolas Waldmann and Amotz Agnon and Shmuel Marco and Michael Strasser",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund : M 2817 to Yin Lu. Contribution of Ed L. Pope and Jasper Moernaut are funded by the Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship ( ECF-2018-267 ) and Austrian Science Fund ( P30285-N34 ), respectively. Revital Bookman and Shmuel Marco are supported by the Israel Science Foundation (# 1093/10 to R. Bookman; # 1645/19 and Center of Excellence grant # 1436/14 to S. Marco). Amotz Agnon is supported by the Helmholtz Virtual Institute DESERVE . The authors are grateful to the ICDP, thank Elitsa Hadzhiivanova for the grain size measurement and C. Daxer for help calibrating the XRF data. The authors appreciate David Van Rooij and the editor Jean-Phillipe Avouac for thorough and constructive reviews. Funding Information: This research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund: M 2817 to Yin Lu. Contribution of Ed L. Pope and Jasper Moernaut are funded by the Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2018-267) and Austrian Science Fund (P30285-N34), respectively. Revital Bookman and Shmuel Marco are supported by the Israel Science Foundation (#1093/10 to R. Bookman; #1645/19 and Center of Excellence grant #1436/14 to S. Marco). Amotz Agnon is supported by the Helmholtz Virtual Institute DESERVE. The authors are grateful to the ICDP, thank Elitsa Hadzhiivanova for the grain size measurement and C. Daxer for help calibrating the XRF data. The authors appreciate David Van Rooij and the editor Jean-Phillipe Avouac for thorough and constructive reviews. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s)",

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AU - Pope, Ed L.

AU - Moernaut, Jasper

AU - Bookman, Revital

AU - Waldmann, Nicolas

AU - Agnon, Amotz

AU - Marco, Shmuel

AU - Strasser, Michael

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N2 - In lakes and oceans, links between modern sediment density flow processes and deposits preserved in long-term geological records are poorly understood. Consequently, it is unclear whether, and if so how, long-term climate changes affect the magnitude/frequency of sediment density flows. One approach to answering this question is to analyze a comprehensive geological record that comprises deposits that can be reliably linked to modern sediment flow processes. To address this question, we investigated the unique ICDP Core 5017-1 from the Dead Sea (the largest and deepest hypersaline lake on the Earth) depocenter covering MIS 7-1. Based on an understanding of modern sediment density flow processes in the lake, we link homogeneous muds in the core to overflows (surface flood plumes, ρflow<ρwater), and link graded turbidites and debrites to underflows (ρflow>ρwater). Our dataset reveals (1) overflows are more prominent during interglacials, while underflows are more prominent during glacials; (2) orbital-scale climate changes affected the flow magnitude/frequency via changing salinity and density profile of lake brine, lake-level, and source materials.

AB - In lakes and oceans, links between modern sediment density flow processes and deposits preserved in long-term geological records are poorly understood. Consequently, it is unclear whether, and if so how, long-term climate changes affect the magnitude/frequency of sediment density flows. One approach to answering this question is to analyze a comprehensive geological record that comprises deposits that can be reliably linked to modern sediment flow processes. To address this question, we investigated the unique ICDP Core 5017-1 from the Dead Sea (the largest and deepest hypersaline lake on the Earth) depocenter covering MIS 7-1. Based on an understanding of modern sediment density flow processes in the lake, we link homogeneous muds in the core to overflows (surface flood plumes, ρflow<ρwater), and link graded turbidites and debrites to underflows (ρflow>ρwater). Our dataset reveals (1) overflows are more prominent during interglacials, while underflows are more prominent during glacials; (2) orbital-scale climate changes affected the flow magnitude/frequency via changing salinity and density profile of lake brine, lake-level, and source materials.

KW - flash-floods

KW - flood plume

KW - geological record

KW - sediment density flows

KW - sediment transport processes

KW - turbidites

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JO - Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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ER -

Stratigraphic record reveals contrasting roles of overflows and underflows over glacial cycles in a hypersaline lake (Dead Sea)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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