Sandifer's syndrome reported and reviewed

Sandifer's syndrome is a rare manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux in children that occurs in association with abnormal movements and postures of the head, neck, and trunk. Presented are two cases of this syndrome, treated successfully by Nissen fundoplication, and a review of the literature. The major symptoms and signs are described and summarized in tabular form. Theories of etiology and pathophysiology are discussed although these remain unclear. Diagnosis is usually delayed as patients are assumed to be suffering from a neurological disorder. Treatment of this rare condition is by controlling reflux, which when successful, abolishes symptoms in all cases.