Precision Nutrition for Type 2 Diabetes

Orly Ben-Yacov, Michal Rein

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterpeer-review

Abstract

Precision nutrition aims to tailor dietary recommendations to individuals or population subgroups based on their unique characteristics to effectively promote dietary modifications that will affect health outcomes. Recent advances in omics technologies, such as genomics, metabolomics, and microbiome, as well as development of mobile applications and wearable devices, are offering opportunities in the use of precision nutrition for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nutrigenomics studies have identified genetic variants related to intake and metabolism of specific nutrients. Metabolomics has revealed individualized fingerprints of food and nutrient consumption and uncovered new metabolic pathways that are potentially modified by diet. Gut microbiome composition and function has been shown to affect interpersonal variability of host metabolism and glycemic status and predict personal postprandial responses. In addition, mobile applications and wearable devices facilitate real-time assessment of dietary intake and metabolic state, which can improve glycemic control and diabetes management. Integrated data from these emerging technologies along with traditional nutritional assessment allows deep phenotyping and deep monitoring of individuals and their metabolic state, which has the potential to provide personalized dietary recommendations for more effective glycemic control. Despite the rapid evolvement of the field, there are still several challenges impeding the clinical translation of scientific evidence, and more research is needed before precision nutrition approaches become widely used for prevention and management of T2DM in clinical and public health settings.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationPrecision Medicine in Diabetes
Subtitle of host publicationA Multidisciplinary approach to an Emerging Paradigm
PublisherSpringer International Publishing
Pages233-249
Number of pages17
ISBN (Electronic)9783030989279
ISBN (Print)9783030989262
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights are reserved.

Keywords

  • Diabetes apps
  • Glycemic status
  • Metabolomics
  • Microbiome
  • Nutrigenomics
  • Personalized diets
  • Postprandial glycemic response (PPGR)
  • Precision nutrition
  • T2DM
  • Wearable devices

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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