Abstract
Precision nutrition aims to tailor dietary recommendations to individuals or population subgroups based on their unique characteristics to effectively promote dietary modifications that will affect health outcomes. Recent advances in omics technologies, such as genomics, metabolomics, and microbiome, as well as development of mobile applications and wearable devices, are offering opportunities in the use of precision nutrition for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nutrigenomics studies have identified genetic variants related to intake and metabolism of specific nutrients. Metabolomics has revealed individualized fingerprints of food and nutrient consumption and uncovered new metabolic pathways that are potentially modified by diet. Gut microbiome composition and function has been shown to affect interpersonal variability of host metabolism and glycemic status and predict personal postprandial responses. In addition, mobile applications and wearable devices facilitate real-time assessment of dietary intake and metabolic state, which can improve glycemic control and diabetes management. Integrated data from these emerging technologies along with traditional nutritional assessment allows deep phenotyping and deep monitoring of individuals and their metabolic state, which has the potential to provide personalized dietary recommendations for more effective glycemic control. Despite the rapid evolvement of the field, there are still several challenges impeding the clinical translation of scientific evidence, and more research is needed before precision nutrition approaches become widely used for prevention and management of T2DM in clinical and public health settings.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Precision Medicine in Diabetes |
Subtitle of host publication | A Multidisciplinary approach to an Emerging Paradigm |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 233-249 |
Number of pages | 17 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783030989279 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783030989262 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights are reserved.
Keywords
- Diabetes apps
- Glycemic status
- Metabolomics
- Microbiome
- Nutrigenomics
- Personalized diets
- Postprandial glycemic response (PPGR)
- Precision nutrition
- T2DM
- Wearable devices
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine