MANETHO’S TWENTY-THIRD DYNASTY AND THE LEGITIMIZATION OF KUSHITE RULE OVER EGYPT

This paper considers the identification of the kings in the epitomes of Manetho’s Twenty-third Dynasty and their function in the historiographical traditions of ancient Egypt. Despite the long-standing rejection of Manetho’s Twenty-third Dynasty as ahistorical, it is here argued that the names preserved in the Twenty-third Dynasty are part of an authentic historiographical tradition originating with the Kushite king, Taharka. The paper goes further to suggest specific reasons why, and an historical reconstruction of the process whereby, the Twenty-third Dynasty became integrated with other king-list traditions. Additionally, it identifies specific functions for the as-yet unidentified names Psammous and Zet in Julius Africanus’ version of the epitome of Manetho. The argument considers the political and cultural perspective of the Kushite kings who were responsible for a strand of king-list tradition and offers some interpretations of Kushite royal practices in light of these conclusions.