Locating monitors in water distribution systems: Red team-blue team exercise

Red team-blue team exercises are methods of evaluating security by creating a "game" where one team (the red team) attempts to "attack" a target and the other team (the blue team) tries to defend it. This paper describes a computer exercise where the red team simulates the contamination of a water distribution system and the blue team defends the system by installing monitors to detect the presence of the contaminant. This exercise was developed and has been used as part of several demonstrations on the effectiveness of contamination monitoring systems for distribution systems. For comparison, a mathematical model is applied to the same network to select monitor locations that provide the optimal solution in terms of a set of objectives.