Abstract
A model of the relations between psychological factors and cancer progression should include brain and systemic components and their link with critical cellular stages in cancer progression. We present a psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) model that links helplessness-hopelessness (HH) with cancer progression via interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β was elevated in the brain following exposure to inescapable shock, and HH was minimized by antagonizing cerebral IL-1β. Elevated cerebral IL-1β increased cancer metastasis in animals. Inescapable shock was associated with systemic elevations IL-1β and peripheral IL-1β was associated with escape from apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are discussed. Future studies need to identify the role of additional factors in this PNI pathway.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 161-170 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | International Journal of Behavioral Medicine |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2005 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cancer
- Hopelessness
- IL-1β
- Progression
- Psychoneuroimmunology
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Applied Psychology