Initial validation of the handwriting proficiency screening questionnaire (HPSQ-C) translated to Spanish

Handwriting is a perceptual-motor skill encompassing a series of psychomotor skills related to academic performance. The main aim of this study was to translate and study the psychometric properties of the Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire for Children (HPSQ-C) for the Spanish population. A study was conducted on a final sample of 164 children from the 1st to 5th year of primary school (mean age 8.46 ± 1.14 years). Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Spanish version of HPSQ-C required a change in items 3 and 5. The CFA showed three factors: (1) physical and emotional well-being; (2) performance time; and (3) legibility. The internal consistency of the Spanish version of the HPSQ-C was lower than satisfactory (ω = 0.68). The goodness of fit measures for the factor structure of HPSQ-C’s Spanish version was < 0.001 and the CFI was 1, which suggests a good fit. The psychometric analysis confirmed the HPSQ-C Spanish version’s internal consistency and construct validity. HPSQ-C provides a unique opportunity to evaluate handwriting from the child’s perspective.