In search of a correctness typology for intelligence

It is proposed that behavior can be studied and assessed under the domain of "intelligence" only if this behavior may be judged on a continuum of correctness, from very right to very wrong. A search for a typology of correctness is then conducted, first, by studying test-takers' conceptions of correctness of responses to intelligence test items, and second, by reviewing philosophers' views on truth criteria. The two approaches result in similar typologies, suggesting the possibility of a universal underlying typology of correctness. The implications of the proposed typology in the areas of intellectual styles, vocational guidance and ability tests are discussed.