Improved resolution of ground penetrating radar full-waveform inversion by using cone penetration test data: A synthetic study

Crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) full-waveform inversion (FWI) has shown to be a powerful tool providing decimeter-scale high resolution images of the subsurface. To enhance this resolution even more, we present here a new approach that uses the cone penetration test (CPT) data acquired between the two boreholes to improve the bandwidth of the effective source wavelet by using wavenumber-amplified FWI models. A synthetic model is generated using a stochastic simulation based on measured parameters at Krauthausen. After generating forward modeling data (called true data) based on the synthetic models, white noise is added in true GPR data. The standard full-waveform inversion using a ray-based start model and the updated results based on the CPT data are compared and show that the new effective source wavelet based on CPT data can improve the resolution of the FWI results.