HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, independent of smoking

Gregory D. Kirk; Christian Merlo; Peter O'Driscoll; Shruti H. Mehta; Noya Galai; David Vlahov; Jonathan Samet; Eric A. Engels

doi:10.1086/518606

HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, independent of smoking

Gregory D. Kirk, Christian Merlo, Peter O'Driscoll, Shruti H. Mehta, Noya Galai, David Vlahov, Jonathan Samet, Eric A. Engels

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons have an elevated risk for lung cancer, but whether the increase reflects solely their heavy tobacco use remains an open question. Methods. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Link to the Intravenous Experience Study has prospectively observed a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, since 1988, using biannual collection of clinical, laboratory, and behavioral data. Lung cancer deaths were identified through linkage with the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the effect of HIV infection on lung cancer risk, controlling for smoking status, drug use, and clinical variables. Results. Among 2086 AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience Study participants observed for 19,835 personyears, 27 lung cancer deaths were identified; 14 of the deaths were among HIV-infected persons. All but 1 (96%) of the patients with lung cancer were smokers, smoking a mean of 1.2 packs per day. Lung cancer mortality increased during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, compared with the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy period (mortality rate ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-16). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and calendar period, HIV infection was associated with increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.9). Preexisting lung disease, particularly noninfectious diseases and asthma, displayed trends for increased lung cancer risk. Illicit drug use was not associated with increased lung cancer risk. Among HIV-infected persons, smoking remained the major risk factor; CD4 cell count and HIV load were not strongly associated with increased lung cancer risk, and trends for increased risk with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy were not significant. Conclusions. HIV infection is associated with significantly increased risk for developing lung cancer, independent of smoking status.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	103-110
Number of pages	8
Journal	Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume	45
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/518606
State	Published - 1 Jul 2007
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
1Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and 3Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland; and 4New York Academy of Medicine, New York

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Microbiology (medical)
Infectious Diseases

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1086/518606

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title = "HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, independent of smoking",

abstract = "Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons have an elevated risk for lung cancer, but whether the increase reflects solely their heavy tobacco use remains an open question. Methods. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Link to the Intravenous Experience Study has prospectively observed a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, since 1988, using biannual collection of clinical, laboratory, and behavioral data. Lung cancer deaths were identified through linkage with the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the effect of HIV infection on lung cancer risk, controlling for smoking status, drug use, and clinical variables. Results. Among 2086 AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience Study participants observed for 19,835 personyears, 27 lung cancer deaths were identified; 14 of the deaths were among HIV-infected persons. All but 1 (96%) of the patients with lung cancer were smokers, smoking a mean of 1.2 packs per day. Lung cancer mortality increased during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, compared with the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy period (mortality rate ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-16). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and calendar period, HIV infection was associated with increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.9). Preexisting lung disease, particularly noninfectious diseases and asthma, displayed trends for increased lung cancer risk. Illicit drug use was not associated with increased lung cancer risk. Among HIV-infected persons, smoking remained the major risk factor; CD4 cell count and HIV load were not strongly associated with increased lung cancer risk, and trends for increased risk with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy were not significant. Conclusions. HIV infection is associated with significantly increased risk for developing lung cancer, independent of smoking status.",

author = "Kirk, {Gregory D.} and Christian Merlo and Peter O'Driscoll and Mehta, {Shruti H.} and Noya Galai and David Vlahov and Jonathan Samet and Engels, {Eric A.}",

note = "Funding Information: 1Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and 3Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland; and 4New York Academy of Medicine, New York",

year = "2007",

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day = "1",

doi = "10.1086/518606",

language = "English",

volume = "45",

pages = "103--110",

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T1 - HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, independent of smoking

AU - Kirk, Gregory D.

AU - Merlo, Christian

AU - O'Driscoll, Peter

AU - Mehta, Shruti H.

AU - Galai, Noya

AU - Vlahov, David

AU - Samet, Jonathan

AU - Engels, Eric A.

N1 - Funding Information: 1Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and 3Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland; and 4New York Academy of Medicine, New York

PY - 2007/7/1

Y1 - 2007/7/1

N2 - Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons have an elevated risk for lung cancer, but whether the increase reflects solely their heavy tobacco use remains an open question. Methods. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Link to the Intravenous Experience Study has prospectively observed a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, since 1988, using biannual collection of clinical, laboratory, and behavioral data. Lung cancer deaths were identified through linkage with the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the effect of HIV infection on lung cancer risk, controlling for smoking status, drug use, and clinical variables. Results. Among 2086 AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience Study participants observed for 19,835 personyears, 27 lung cancer deaths were identified; 14 of the deaths were among HIV-infected persons. All but 1 (96%) of the patients with lung cancer were smokers, smoking a mean of 1.2 packs per day. Lung cancer mortality increased during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, compared with the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy period (mortality rate ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-16). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and calendar period, HIV infection was associated with increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.9). Preexisting lung disease, particularly noninfectious diseases and asthma, displayed trends for increased lung cancer risk. Illicit drug use was not associated with increased lung cancer risk. Among HIV-infected persons, smoking remained the major risk factor; CD4 cell count and HIV load were not strongly associated with increased lung cancer risk, and trends for increased risk with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy were not significant. Conclusions. HIV infection is associated with significantly increased risk for developing lung cancer, independent of smoking status.

AB - Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons have an elevated risk for lung cancer, but whether the increase reflects solely their heavy tobacco use remains an open question. Methods. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Link to the Intravenous Experience Study has prospectively observed a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, since 1988, using biannual collection of clinical, laboratory, and behavioral data. Lung cancer deaths were identified through linkage with the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the effect of HIV infection on lung cancer risk, controlling for smoking status, drug use, and clinical variables. Results. Among 2086 AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience Study participants observed for 19,835 personyears, 27 lung cancer deaths were identified; 14 of the deaths were among HIV-infected persons. All but 1 (96%) of the patients with lung cancer were smokers, smoking a mean of 1.2 packs per day. Lung cancer mortality increased during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, compared with the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy period (mortality rate ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-16). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and calendar period, HIV infection was associated with increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.9). Preexisting lung disease, particularly noninfectious diseases and asthma, displayed trends for increased lung cancer risk. Illicit drug use was not associated with increased lung cancer risk. Among HIV-infected persons, smoking remained the major risk factor; CD4 cell count and HIV load were not strongly associated with increased lung cancer risk, and trends for increased risk with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy were not significant. Conclusions. HIV infection is associated with significantly increased risk for developing lung cancer, independent of smoking status.

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HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, independent of smoking

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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