TY - JOUR
T1 - Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk
T2 - A systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries
AU - Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)
AU - Singh, Gitanjali M.
AU - Micha, Renata
AU - Khatibzadeh, Shahab
AU - Shi, Peilin
AU - Lim, Stephen
AU - Andrews, Kathryn G.
AU - Engell, Rebecca E.
AU - Ezzati, Majid
AU - Mozaffarian, Dariush
AU - Fahimi, Saman
AU - Powles, John
AU - Elmadfa, Ibrahim
AU - Rao, Mayuree
AU - Wirojratana, Pattra
AU - Abbott, Pamela A.
AU - Abdollahi, Morteza
AU - Gilardon, Enrique Abeyá
AU - Ahsan, Habibul
AU - Al Nsour, Mohannad Abed Alfattah
AU - Al-Hooti, Suad N.
AU - Arambepola, Carukshi
AU - Arennes, Hubert
AU - Arquera, Simon
AU - Aylin, Ana
AU - Becker, Wulf
AU - Bjerregaard, Peter
AU - Bourne, Lesley T.
AU - Calleja, Neville
AU - Capanzana, Mario V.
AU - Castetbon, Katia
AU - Chang, Hsing Yi
AU - Chen, Yu
AU - Cowan, Melanie J.
AU - De Henauw, Stefaan
AU - Ding, Eric L.
AU - Duante, Charmaine A.
AU - Duran, Pablo
AU - Arbieri, Heléne Enghardt
AU - Farzadfar, Farshad
AU - Fernando, Dulitha N.
AU - Hadziomeragic, Aida Filipovic
AU - Fisberg, Regina M.
AU - Forsyth, Simon
AU - Garriguet, Didier
AU - Gaspoz, Jean Michel
AU - Gauci, Dorothy
AU - Ginnela, Brahmam N.V.
AU - Guessous, Idris
AU - Gulliford, Martin C.
AU - Keinan-Boker, Lital
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2015/8/5
Y1 - 2015/8/5
N2 - Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. Objective To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. Methods We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world's population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. Results In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.
AB - Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. Objective To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. Methods We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world's population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. Results In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84941992129&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0124845
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0124845
M3 - Article
C2 - 26244332
AN - SCOPUS:84941992129
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 10
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 8
M1 - e0124845
ER -