Environmental conditions of the water column in Haifa Bay, Israel, during September-October 1993

N. Kress; B. Herut; D. Angel

doi:10.1016/0273-1223(96)00076-5

Environmental conditions of the water column in Haifa Bay, Israel, during September-October 1993

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

Abstract

During September 1993, the water in Haifa Bay, Israel, turned brown and turbid, and a phytoplankton bloom was observed. Preliminary examination of the seawater showed very high concentrations of o-phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen, and high pH values. In order to investigate this unusual occurrence and determine the environmental conditions that allowed for its development, the chemical and physical characteristics of the water column were measured, one during the unusual bloom in September and one during October 1993, after the bay appeared to have returned to normal. The distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a at the surface corresponded closely to that of the salinity and temperature, with high concentrations in the region close to the Kishon estuary, decreasing northward and westward. It was possible to determine that the Kishon river was the main source of the nutrients to the bay, originating from the effluents discharged into the river by a sewage treatment plant and nearby industries. During September, the input of nutrients from the Kishon to the bay was twice as in October, and this, together with favorable hydrographic conditions, most probably caused the unusual extensive phytoplankton bloom.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	57-64
Number of pages	8
Journal	Water Science and Technology
Volume	32
Issue number	9-10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(96)00076-5
State	Published - 1995
Externally published	Yes
Event	Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea - Nicosia, Cyprus Duration: 2 Nov 1994 → 4 Nov 1994

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors express their thanks to the inspectors of the Marine and Coastal Division of the Ministry of the Environment that helped to direct the sampling vessels to the bloom centers.We thank Varon Gertner and Lora Izraelov as well as the crews of the RIV Shikmona and Etziona for their help with sampling and analysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure.

Keywords

Chlorophyll-a
Haifa Bay
Mixing
Nutrients
Plankton bloom

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Water Science and Technology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/0273-1223(96)00076-5

Cite this

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title = "Environmental conditions of the water column in Haifa Bay, Israel, during September-October 1993",

abstract = "During September 1993, the water in Haifa Bay, Israel, turned brown and turbid, and a phytoplankton bloom was observed. Preliminary examination of the seawater showed very high concentrations of o-phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen, and high pH values. In order to investigate this unusual occurrence and determine the environmental conditions that allowed for its development, the chemical and physical characteristics of the water column were measured, one during the unusual bloom in September and one during October 1993, after the bay appeared to have returned to normal. The distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a at the surface corresponded closely to that of the salinity and temperature, with high concentrations in the region close to the Kishon estuary, decreasing northward and westward. It was possible to determine that the Kishon river was the main source of the nutrients to the bay, originating from the effluents discharged into the river by a sewage treatment plant and nearby industries. During September, the input of nutrients from the Kishon to the bay was twice as in October, and this, together with favorable hydrographic conditions, most probably caused the unusual extensive phytoplankton bloom.",

keywords = "Chlorophyll-a, Haifa Bay, Mixing, Nutrients, Plankton bloom",

author = "N. Kress and B. Herut and D. Angel",

note = "Funding Information: The authors express their thanks to the inspectors of the Marine and Coastal Division of the Ministry of the Environment that helped to direct the sampling vessels to the bloom centers.We thank Varon Gertner and Lora Izraelov as well as the crews of the RIV Shikmona and Etziona for their help with sampling and analysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure.; Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea ; Conference date: 02-11-1994 Through 04-11-1994",

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AU - Kress, N.

AU - Herut, B.

AU - Angel, D.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors express their thanks to the inspectors of the Marine and Coastal Division of the Ministry of the Environment that helped to direct the sampling vessels to the bloom centers.We thank Varon Gertner and Lora Izraelov as well as the crews of the RIV Shikmona and Etziona for their help with sampling and analysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure.

PY - 1995

Y1 - 1995

N2 - During September 1993, the water in Haifa Bay, Israel, turned brown and turbid, and a phytoplankton bloom was observed. Preliminary examination of the seawater showed very high concentrations of o-phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen, and high pH values. In order to investigate this unusual occurrence and determine the environmental conditions that allowed for its development, the chemical and physical characteristics of the water column were measured, one during the unusual bloom in September and one during October 1993, after the bay appeared to have returned to normal. The distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a at the surface corresponded closely to that of the salinity and temperature, with high concentrations in the region close to the Kishon estuary, decreasing northward and westward. It was possible to determine that the Kishon river was the main source of the nutrients to the bay, originating from the effluents discharged into the river by a sewage treatment plant and nearby industries. During September, the input of nutrients from the Kishon to the bay was twice as in October, and this, together with favorable hydrographic conditions, most probably caused the unusual extensive phytoplankton bloom.

AB - During September 1993, the water in Haifa Bay, Israel, turned brown and turbid, and a phytoplankton bloom was observed. Preliminary examination of the seawater showed very high concentrations of o-phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen, and high pH values. In order to investigate this unusual occurrence and determine the environmental conditions that allowed for its development, the chemical and physical characteristics of the water column were measured, one during the unusual bloom in September and one during October 1993, after the bay appeared to have returned to normal. The distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a at the surface corresponded closely to that of the salinity and temperature, with high concentrations in the region close to the Kishon estuary, decreasing northward and westward. It was possible to determine that the Kishon river was the main source of the nutrients to the bay, originating from the effluents discharged into the river by a sewage treatment plant and nearby industries. During September, the input of nutrients from the Kishon to the bay was twice as in October, and this, together with favorable hydrographic conditions, most probably caused the unusual extensive phytoplankton bloom.

KW - Chlorophyll-a

KW - Haifa Bay

KW - Mixing

KW - Nutrients

KW - Plankton bloom

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T2 - Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea

Y2 - 2 November 1994 through 4 November 1994

ER -

Environmental conditions of the water column in Haifa Bay, Israel, during September-October 1993

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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