Earthquake Damage as a Catalyst for the Abandonment of Tel Kabri

There has been much speculation surrounding the abandonment of the Middle Bronze Age IIb palace of Tel Kabri ca. 1700 BCE. The current study uses micro-geoarchaeological methods to show that the demise of the palace was rapid, with walls and ceilings collapsing at once prior to abandonment. Macroscopic data (stratigraphic and structural) from five excavation seasons were reexamined, showing that at least nine Potential Earthquake Archaeological Effects (peaes) are present and associated with the last occupation phase of the site's palace. All lines of evidence point to the possibility that an earthquake damaged the palace, potentially to a point where it was no longer economically viable to repair. This conclusion is compounded by the discovery of a 1-3 m wide trench that cuts through the palace for 30 m, which may be the result of ground shaking or liquefaction caused by an earthquake. This study shows the importance of combining macro- and micro-archaeological methods for the identification of ancient earthquakes, together with the need to evaluate alternative scenarios of climatic, environmental, and economic collapse, as well as human-induced destruction before a seismic event scenario can be proposed.