Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis

Muhammad Noman Hasan; Ran An; Asya Akkus; Derya Akkaynak; Adrienne R. Minerick; Chirag R. Kharangate; Umut A. Gurkan

doi:10.3390/mi12111433

Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis

Muhammad Noman Hasan, Ran An, Asya Akkus, Derya Akkaynak, Adrienne R. Minerick, Chirag R. Kharangate, Umut A. Gurkan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Paper-based microchip electrophoresis has the potential to bring laboratory electrophoresis tests to the point of need. However, high electric potential and current values induce pH and temperature shifts, which may affect biomolecule electrophoretic mobility thus decrease test reproducibility and accuracy of paper-based microfluidic electrophoresis. We have previously developed a microchip electrophoresis system, HemeChip, which has the capability of providing low-cost, rapid, reproducible, and accurate point-of-care (POC) electrophoresis tests for hemoglobin analysis. Here, we report the methodologies we implemented for characterizing HemeChip system pH and temperature during the development process, including utilizing commercially available universal pH indicator and digital camera pH shift characterization, and infrared camera characterizing temperature shift characterization. The characterization results demonstrated that pH shifts up to 1.1 units, a pH gradient up to 0.11 units/mm, temperature shifts up to 40^◦C, and a temperature gradient up to 0.5^◦C/mm existed in the system. Finally, we report an acid pre-treatment of the separation media, a cellulose acetate paper, mitigated both pH and temperature shifts and provided a stable environment for reproducible HemeChip hemoglobin electrophoresis separation.

Original language	English
Article number	1433
Journal	Micromachines
Volume	12
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111433
State	Published - 22 Nov 2021
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Small Business Innovation Research Program (R44HL140739, R41HL151015), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) U54HL143541, the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (R21TW010610), and the National Institute of Health T32 Training Grant (T32HL134622). This article?s contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Hemoglobin separation
Paper-based electrophoresis
PH shifts
Temperature shifts

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Control and Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.3390/mi12111433

Cite this

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title = "Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis",

abstract = "Paper-based microchip electrophoresis has the potential to bring laboratory electrophoresis tests to the point of need. However, high electric potential and current values induce pH and temperature shifts, which may affect biomolecule electrophoretic mobility thus decrease test reproducibility and accuracy of paper-based microfluidic electrophoresis. We have previously developed a microchip electrophoresis system, HemeChip, which has the capability of providing low-cost, rapid, reproducible, and accurate point-of-care (POC) electrophoresis tests for hemoglobin analysis. Here, we report the methodologies we implemented for characterizing HemeChip system pH and temperature during the development process, including utilizing commercially available universal pH indicator and digital camera pH shift characterization, and infrared camera characterizing temperature shift characterization. The characterization results demonstrated that pH shifts up to 1.1 units, a pH gradient up to 0.11 units/mm, temperature shifts up to 40◦C, and a temperature gradient up to 0.5◦C/mm existed in the system. Finally, we report an acid pre-treatment of the separation media, a cellulose acetate paper, mitigated both pH and temperature shifts and provided a stable environment for reproducible HemeChip hemoglobin electrophoresis separation.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Small Business Innovation Research Program (R44HL140739, R41HL151015), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) U54HL143541, the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (R21TW010610), and the National Institute of Health T32 Training Grant (T32HL134622). This article?s contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Minerick, Adrienne R.

AU - Kharangate, Chirag R.

AU - Gurkan, Umut A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Small Business Innovation Research Program (R44HL140739, R41HL151015), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) U54HL143541, the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (R21TW010610), and the National Institute of Health T32 Training Grant (T32HL134622). This article?s contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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N2 - Paper-based microchip electrophoresis has the potential to bring laboratory electrophoresis tests to the point of need. However, high electric potential and current values induce pH and temperature shifts, which may affect biomolecule electrophoretic mobility thus decrease test reproducibility and accuracy of paper-based microfluidic electrophoresis. We have previously developed a microchip electrophoresis system, HemeChip, which has the capability of providing low-cost, rapid, reproducible, and accurate point-of-care (POC) electrophoresis tests for hemoglobin analysis. Here, we report the methodologies we implemented for characterizing HemeChip system pH and temperature during the development process, including utilizing commercially available universal pH indicator and digital camera pH shift characterization, and infrared camera characterizing temperature shift characterization. The characterization results demonstrated that pH shifts up to 1.1 units, a pH gradient up to 0.11 units/mm, temperature shifts up to 40◦C, and a temperature gradient up to 0.5◦C/mm existed in the system. Finally, we report an acid pre-treatment of the separation media, a cellulose acetate paper, mitigated both pH and temperature shifts and provided a stable environment for reproducible HemeChip hemoglobin electrophoresis separation.

AB - Paper-based microchip electrophoresis has the potential to bring laboratory electrophoresis tests to the point of need. However, high electric potential and current values induce pH and temperature shifts, which may affect biomolecule electrophoretic mobility thus decrease test reproducibility and accuracy of paper-based microfluidic electrophoresis. We have previously developed a microchip electrophoresis system, HemeChip, which has the capability of providing low-cost, rapid, reproducible, and accurate point-of-care (POC) electrophoresis tests for hemoglobin analysis. Here, we report the methodologies we implemented for characterizing HemeChip system pH and temperature during the development process, including utilizing commercially available universal pH indicator and digital camera pH shift characterization, and infrared camera characterizing temperature shift characterization. The characterization results demonstrated that pH shifts up to 1.1 units, a pH gradient up to 0.11 units/mm, temperature shifts up to 40◦C, and a temperature gradient up to 0.5◦C/mm existed in the system. Finally, we report an acid pre-treatment of the separation media, a cellulose acetate paper, mitigated both pH and temperature shifts and provided a stable environment for reproducible HemeChip hemoglobin electrophoresis separation.

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Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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