Depressive Symptoms Among Older Gay Men: What Are the Most Important Determinants?

Background: Studies have shown that gay men experience higher levels of depression and are more likely to report suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts over their lifetime compared to heterosexual men. However, most studies have been conducted with adolescents and young adults, while there is a lack of research focusing on older adults. The aims of this study are to assess the level of depressive symptoms among older gay men and examine the associations between five key factors—loneliness, internalized homophobia, self-esteem, ageism, health behavior—and depressive symptoms. Methods: The convenience sample included seventy-nine gay men living in the community. Prospective participants were recruited by facilitators of social and support groups, who either distributed the questionnaire directly to members on-site or forwarded a link to their emails. All study measures used were valid and reliable. Results: Participants’ mean level of depression exceeded the scale’s cutoff point for detecting depression, indicating mild depression. Four variables made a significant contribution to the explanation of depression, with loneliness having the largest contribution, followed by ageism, internalized homophobia, and health behavior. The regression model explained a very high percentage of the depression variance (83%). Conclusions: These four factors are central to understanding depression among older gays. Medical and social professionals should recognize their significance and incorporate them into the treatment provided to those in need. Further studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors associated with depression in this vulnerable population.