Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases

Wafaa Sowan; Svetlana Baziliansky

doi:10.1177/13591053251325666

Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases

School of Social Work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Cardiac Diseases (CD) have harmful devastating consequences for individuals. Their ill health may cause significant pain and suffering, psychological distress, social difficulties, reduced work capacity, and increased substantial economic strain. This study involved 120 self-employed individuals with CD, divided into lower and higher intolerance of uncertainty (IU) levels. Multi-group analysis was performed to examine differences between low and high IU groups. The study indicated a significant relationship among business profitability decline, IU, and high levels of demoralization in self-employed-individuals with CD. Self-employed-individuals with CD often encounter unique difficulties in performing their job roles appropriately, which affects their health. In addition, the results show that IU moderated the relationships between the study variables. Self-employed individuals with CD who were less tolerant of uncertainty had higher risk of psychological and work-related difficulties. Additionally, personal resources (such as self-efficacy and coping strategies) contribute to demoralization.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	643-657
Number of pages	15
Journal	Journal of Health Psychology
Volume	31
Issue number	2
Early online date	31 Mar 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053251325666
State	Published - Feb 2026

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth

Keywords

cardiac diseases
coping strategies
demoralization
self-efficacy
self-employed

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Applied Psychology

Access to Document

10.1177/13591053251325666

Cite this

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abstract = "Cardiac Diseases (CD) have harmful devastating consequences for individuals. Their ill health may cause significant pain and suffering, psychological distress, social difficulties, reduced work capacity, and increased substantial economic strain. This study involved 120 self-employed individuals with CD, divided into lower and higher intolerance of uncertainty (IU) levels. Multi-group analysis was performed to examine differences between low and high IU groups. The study indicated a significant relationship among business profitability decline, IU, and high levels of demoralization in self-employed-individuals with CD. Self-employed-individuals with CD often encounter unique difficulties in performing their job roles appropriately, which affects their health. In addition, the results show that IU moderated the relationships between the study variables. Self-employed individuals with CD who were less tolerant of uncertainty had higher risk of psychological and work-related difficulties. Additionally, personal resources (such as self-efficacy and coping strategies) contribute to demoralization.",

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Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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