Abstract
Risk-taking is traditionally explained through outcome-value expectancy models. Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that immediate versus delayed feedback increases risk-taking independently of expected value. The current work takes a novel approach to investigate behavioral motivation in different risk-taking contexts, building on recent progress in identifying the reinforcing impact of actioneffectiveness. Participants performed 1 of 2 different versions of the Balloon Analogue Risk task (BART) in which an action increases (Experiment 1 and 2) or decreases (Experiment 3) the risk of losing real money. Importantly, action-effectiveness was subtly manipulated. In 3 experiments, we found that action-effectiveness reinforces action tendency in both risk-taking contexts. In addition, the reinforcing effect was independent of participants’ explicit knowledge regarding the action-effectiveness manipulation and their deliberate expectancy-based risk strategy.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 475–486 |
| Journal | Motivation Science |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 American Psychological Association
Keywords
- action-selection
- control
- motivation
- risk-taking behavior
- sense of agency
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Engineering
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Applied Psychology
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis