Abstract
In 2021, Dzhunusov and Zaitseva classified two-dimensional normal affine commutative algebraic monoids. In this work, we extend this classification to noncommutative monoid structures on normal affine surfaces. We prove that two-dimensional algebraic monoids are toric. We also show how to find all monoid structures on a normal toric surface. Every such structure is induced by a comultiplication formula involving Demazure roots. We also give descriptions of opposite monoids, quotient monoids, and boundary divisors.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4129-4144 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society |
Volume | 150 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Oct 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 American Mathematical Society.
Keywords
- Algebraic monoid
- Demazure root
- grading
- locally nilpotent derivation
- solvable algebraic group
- toric variety
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Mathematics
- Applied Mathematics