A two-state electronic antigen and an antibody selected to discriminate between these states

Inspired by biology where pathways are triggered and suppressed by specific binding of two molecules, we realize a functional interface between electronics and biology by replacing one of the pair molecules with a two-state "electronic antigen" device comprising a hydroquinone monolayer assembled on gold, and choosing for the pair molecule an antibody that discriminates between the two electrically selected redox states of the monolayer. Application of an oxidative +0.6 V pulse to the antigen switches it to its benzoquinone state where antibodies bind the layer. A subsequent -0.6 V pulse reduces the monolayer back to the unbinding hydroquinone state, releases the specifically bound antibody molecules, and prevents further binding.